What is the relationship between neural network approaches in machine learning, and real neural networks in the brain? Today's guest Jay McClelland is a cognitive scientist who has spent decades studying this question. Jay is Lucie Stern Professor of Psychology and (by Courtesy) of Linguistics and Computer Science and Director of the Center for Mind, Brain, Computation and Technology at Stanford University. He discusses his 50 year journey modeling cognition in the brain with artificial neural networks, and his role in the 1980s emergence of neural networks in machine learning.